English Conjunctions

Conjunctions A coupling is a word which get in touchs 2 excoriates to complete their meaning. in that location be cardinal kinds of attendants 1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions When the conjunction is apply to join ii statements of equal importance, the conjunction is said to be a co-ordinating conjunction. Examples and, but, or, non, for, either, neither 2. place Conjunctions When the conjunction joins 2 statements, one and only(a) of which depends on the new(prenominal) for its full meaning, the conjunction is said to be a keister conjunction.Examples before, after, since, be make up, if, though, which, who A conjunction is a joiner, a word that deduct tos (conjoins) parts of a meter. at that place come along to be three basic types of conjunctions. They argon cross out up conjunctions utilize to bind two principal(prenominal)(a) articles, rate conjunctions utilise to establish the kinship between the helpless cla engagement and the rest of the censure , and correlated conjunctionswhich al shipway travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS arrange conjunctions may join single talking to, or they may join conclaves of wrangling, but they must always join convertible elements e. g. slip+ subject argona, verb give voice+verb devise, sentence+sentence. The seven coordinate conjunctions in English are FOR is to introduce the reason for the forego cla lend oneself AND joins two similar ideas together NOR The conjunction nor is non extinct, but it is not apply approximately as a good deal as the other conjunctions. Its much or less jet use is as the modest pal in the correlative pair, neither-nor just joins two distinguish ideas togetherOR joins two alternative ideas YET is very similar to but as it excessively joins two contrasting ideas together SO shows that the second idea is the result of the low An easy way to remember t hese six conjunctions is to think of the word FANBOYS. Each of the letters in this some un the likely word is the first letter of one of the coordinate conjunctions. Among the organise conjunctions, the just astir(predicate) common, of course, are AND, BUT and OR. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS A subordinating conjunction is a word which joins together a dependent clause and an self-directed clause.There are numerous subordinating conjunctions. The more than comm still used ones are listed below. For a more comprehensive list seehttp//webster. commnet. edu/grammar/conjunctions. htmnor BECAUSE, AS, SINCE are used to introduce the cause in a cause force play relationship between two ideas SO introduces an effect in a cause effect relationship between two ideas ALTHOUGH, (even) THOUGH, WHEREAS, WHILE are used to express contrast between ideas afterwards is used to show timeAlthough documentation of the developmental order of the remaining coadjutor conjunctions is missing, the best guess scenario would be BECAUSE and SINCE, as they in addition introduce the cause in a cause-effect relationship SO would likely seem to follow as it introduces the effect in a cause-effect relationship ALTHOUGH, (even) THOUGH, WHEREAS, WHILE may follow next as they express the contrast between ideas AFTER which expresses time concepts COrrelative CONJUNCTIONS some conjunctions combine with other run-in to form what are called correlative conjunctions.They always travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal. Here is a brief list of common correlative conjunctions. twain . . . andnot only . . . but alsonot . . . buteither . . . orneither . . . norwhether . . . oras . . . as Types of Conjunctions A conjunction is a word that links words, enunciates, or clauses. There are three types of conjunctionscoordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, andsubordinating conjunctions.Coordinating Conjunctionsmay join single words, or they may join groups of words, but they must always join similar elements such as subject+subject, verb phrase+verb phrase, or sentence+sentence. When a coordinating conjunction is used to join elements, the element becomes a compound element. Examplesand, but, or, yet, for, nor, so Correlative Conjunctionsalso connect sentence elements of the identical kind, however, unlike coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. Examples both and not only but also not but ither or neither nor whether or as as Subordinating Conjunctions These are the largest class of conjunctions. They connect subordinate clauses to a main clause. They are adverbs used as conjunctions. Examples Time after, before, since, when, while, until Reason because, since, so that, why Place where, wherever Condition if, unless, until, in case Manner as if, as though, how When we write, we use conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and clauses, showing the relationship between and among them, as Scharton and Neuleib describe (2001, p. 96). There are four types of conjunctions that writers hind end use. Lets inspection each(prenominal) type as a way to reflect on the different kinds of relationships that conjunctions can be used to reveal. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions should usedwhen the elements have an equal relationship. Examples of coordinating conjunctions accommodatefor, and, nor, but, or, yet,andso. Ex. Hall does not deny that the early colonists were overwhelmingly Christian,buthe does recognize that not everyone practiced his or her eligion with the similar zeal and fervor that is generally assumed in Puritan communities. Note that with this type of conjunction, you are connecting two sentences ( make a compound sentence). In order to prevent this compound sentence from being a patronage sentence, a comma must precede the coordinating conjunction. Correlative Conjunctions Correlative conjunctions are used in pa irs and also connect equal elements. Examples of correlative conjunctions includeeitheror, whetheror, not onlybut also, bothand,andneithernor. Ex.It is another interesting phenomenon of history that any conflict inwardly post-World War II Germany,whetherbetween the two Germanysorbetween two sets of Germans, often resulted in one sides claiming that the other used had fascist tactics. Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctionsare used to show the relationship of the subordinate clause (a group of related words that chastens a subject and predicate but cannot stand alone) to the rest of the sentence. Examples of subordinating conjunctions includewhile, after, until, when, where, before, if, that, unless, because, although, though,andwhether.Ex. Sherry walked to civilize this morning because her car battery was dead. Conjunctive Adverbs While they are not received conjunctions, connective adverbs often function as conjunctions. They dont show relationshipswithina sente nce, but rather show the relationship between two independent clauses (a complete sentence, or a group of related words that contain a subject, a predicate, and can stand alone). Examples of connection adverbs includealso, consequently, furthermore, however, indeed, instead, meanwhile, moreover, nonetheless, similarly, therefore, thus, besides, next, specifically,andsubsequently.Ex. A first glance at his bibliography gives the appearance that the model may rely somewhat heavily on secondary generator secularhowever, a number of primary sources are also used, and it should be noted that the humankindation dates of the secondary source material range throughout the span of the study. Note that two complete sentences are connected. Therefore, a semicolon is needed. The semicolon shows that the two sentences are closely related and that the writer wants the two sentences to blockage linked in the writers mind, while showing where one sentence ends and the next one begins.Notice al so that a comma follows the conjunctive adverb. Test Your Knowledge Check your understanding by settleing the following sentences. Hint practise the structure of the sentence as a guide to the relationship. Choose a conjunction or conjunctive adverb accordingly. 1. ___________ most of the work is a quantitative study proving the educational lag of Mexican American children, Carters work also pays significant attention to educational history. 2.Changes in party emphasis allowed for increasing segments of workers to join however, dissent with Stalins policies was less tolerated ___________ , many of these policies, peculiarly those of Stalin, were ambiguous due to the secretiveness and suspicion within the inner ranks. 3. At this time the existence of the relationship between science and religion produced a group of thinkers called Deists who believed that no experience could be held of a creator except his existence as necessary for natural law, _________ as in any group of the ological thinkers, there were differences in perspectives on what this meant. . One provision allowed for the trade of public lands belonging to the perpetual school fund, the proceeds of which would _________ go directly to the public school fund ________ be distributed among the counties. Answers 1. Whilemost of the work is a quantitative study proving the educational lag of Mexican American children, Carters work also pays significant attention to educational history. The first part of this sentence is subordinate to the second part. Therefore, a subordinating conjunction would be used.Others that could work in this context would bethoughandalthough. 2. Changes in party emphasis allowed for increasing segments of workers to join however, dissent with Stalins policies was less toleratedfurthermore, many of these policies, particularly those of Stalin, were ambiguous due to the secretiveness and suspicion within the inner ranks. Here the second sentence serves as an addition to an other sentence, so a conjunctive adverb is needed. Because it is an addition,furtherandfurthermoreare the best options. . At this time the existence of the relationship between science and religion produced a group of thinkers called Deists who believed that no knowledge could be held of a creator except his existence as necessary for natural law,butlike any group of theological thinkers, there were differences in perspectives on what this meant. This sentence calls for a coordinating conjunction. every of these sentences could work independent of each other. The wordbutworks best here because it shows contrast. 4.One provision allowed for the sale of public lands belonging to the perpetual school fund, the proceeds of which wouldeithergo directly to the public school fundorbe distributed among the counties. Here the two blanks should have been the clue that a correlative conjunctions was required. They are the only ones used in pairs. What are conjunctions? Sure, theyre joining w ords, but theyre much more than that. Conjunctions are the words that decide the importance of the various other words in the sentence. Coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions each have their own purpose. * DefinitionConjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses. There are three types of conjunctions coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. * Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions connect two words or groups of words with similar values. In other words, coordinating conjunctions may connect two words, two phrases, two independent clauses, or two dependent clauses. For face, in each of the following sentences, the coordinating conjunction and connects equal words or groups of words Connects two wordsJohn and Reggie stayed up all night practicing their guitars.Connects two phrasesThe squirrel scurried up the tree trunk and onto a low branch. Connects two clausesSev eral managers sat with their backs to us, and I could almost harken them snickering at us lowly workers. Connect with Classrooms www. ePals. com/ unite Easily Connect with classrooms all over the world, Join ePals today Ads by Google There are only seven coordinating conjunctions in the English language, and they are often remembered by using the acronym FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. * Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions connect two groups of words by making one into a subordinating clause.The subordinating clause acts as one huge adverb, answering the questions when or why about the main clause, or imposing conditions or opposition on it. Here are some illustrations of subordinating conjunctions changing a clause into adverbial subordinating clauses in different ways * I can go shopping after I finish studying for my exam. (when) * Because the night was young, Gertrude contumacious to take a walk. (why) * Ill give you a dime if you give me a doll ar. (condition) * Although he never figured out why, Hanna winked on her way out the door. (opposition) Note The subordinating conjunction does not lways come between the two clauses it connects. Often, it comes at the beginning of the first clause. * Correlative Conjunctions Correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. They are similar to coordinating conjunctions because they join sentence elements that are similar in importance. The following are some examples of coordinating conjunctions Both, andBoth Rodney and Xing made the varsity team this year. Neither, norNeither Rodney nor Xing made the varsity team this year. Not only, but alsoNot only did Rodney make the varsity team, but he also become one of the strongest players.Remember these three types of conjunctions coordinate conjunctions, subordinate conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions and youve got one part of lecturing down pat. Aconjunctionconnects two or moresentences,clauses, or parts of clauses. Some of the most common conjunctions in English areand,because,but,for,nor,so,until,when, andyet. The two main types of conjunctions are coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. There are also correlative conjunctions, copulative conjunctions, adversative conjunctions, disjunctive conjunctions, and lowest conjunctions. -Coordinating conjunctions Acoordinating conjunctionis aconjunctionthat links two words,phrases,clauses, orsentencesthat are grammatically akin. The six words most commonly used as coordinating conjunctions can be remembered with the mnemonic device FANBOYSfor,and,nor,but,or,yet,so. Lets look at a few examples We have a hedgehoganda kangaroo. Andlinks two listed elements that are grammatically equivalent. You seeyetdo not hear. Yetlinks two grammatically equivalent actions (seeanddo not hear) performed byyou. We bathed the dog,butwe couldnt get him clean. Butlinks two independent clauses. Coordinating correlative conjunctions Some correlative conjunction s (see below for full definition) can function as joint coordinating conjunctions. For example,neitherandnorin this sentence introduce grammatically equal elements, so they work together as coordinating conjunctions Neither Joe nor John has any idea what hes talking about. Coordinating conjunctions and commas For coordinating conjunctions,commause depends on the nature of the linked elements. If a coordinating conjunction joins twoindependent clauses, it normally should be preceded by a comma (e. g. We bathed the dog, but we couldnt get him clean). If a coordinating conjunction links two listed elements, it doesnt need a comma (e. g. ,We have a porcupineanda kangaroo). - Subordinating conjunctions Asubordinating conjunctionis aconjunctionthat links adependent clause(also known as a subordinate clause) to anindependent clausefor example The city recommends everyone stay inside because the winds could be dangerous. In thissentence,becauselinks a dependent clause (because the winds cou ld be dangerous) to the main clause (The city recommends everyone stay inside).We know thisis subordinating becausebecause the winds could be dangerouscould not normally stand alone as a sentence. Here are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions after albeit although as because before except if once since that though unless until when whenever where whether while Some phrases also function as subordinating conjunctions. Here are some of the most common ones as if as far as as long as as well as even if even though that inasmuch as in order to in order that so that such that - Other types Adversative conjunctionsAdversative conjunctions(sometimes known as contrasting conjunctions) arecoordinating conjunctionsused to express comparisons or contrasts. The element introduced by the adversative conjunction normally qualifies or expresses a caveat with regard to the mainclauseof thesentence. The most common adversative clauses arebutandyet, butstill,however,albeit,although, and others are also sometimes adversative. Lets look at a few examples of adversative conjunctions Hes a shybutloving little boy. Naples in the raws Here, thephrasebut lovingcreates a contrast to what is expected from theadjectiveshy.It is a living part of my eldritch life,yetI dont know if one would call me a religious artist. Houston Chronicle In this sentence, theindependent clauseintroduced byyetadds information to qualify what was expressed in the main clause. This technology,althoughnot a foolproof way to monitor abusers, might give victims advance warning that danger is approaching. Hartford Courant And in this sentence, theconjunctionalthoughintroduces information in contrast to the main clause. Correlative conjunctions Correlative conjunctionsare two or moreconjunctionsused to link structurally identical parts of asentence.Here are the most common pairs of correlative conjunctions eitheror bothand neithernor not onlybut also if thus whetheror Elements linked by correlative c onjunctions must have parallel grammatical construction. For example, this is technically infatuated (the conjunctions are underlined) Youreeithergoing to love his workor loathe it. Thousand Oaks Acorn For such a construction to be correct, what followseitherand what followsormust be syntactically equivalent. A diagram of this example sentence would look like, Subjecteitherauxiliary verb phrase verb objectorverb object. ?The segment followingeitherhas an element (the auxiliary verb phrasegoing to) that the segment followingordoesnt have, so the two segments are not parallel. There are two possibilities for correcting this sentence Youre going toeitherlove his workorhate it. Eitheryoure going to love his work,oryoure going to hate it. With sentences this short, correlative conjunctions are usually easy to use correctly. But using more complicated constructions involving correlatives such asnot onlybut alsoandifthencan be tricker. Heres another technically flawed use of correlative c onjunctions TTL Inc. s a socially responsible company that isnot onlyknown for innovations in engineeringbut alsofor its widespread support of education. UA News Here, the verbknownshould precedenot only, as the phrase followingbut alsohas no parallel verb. From the same article, heres an example of correct correlative conjunction use TTLs passion for advanced education is seennot onlyin the hours dedicated to volunteering and guest lecturing,but alsothrough endowed scholarships for prospective engineers at The University of Alabama. Commas and correlative conjunctions . Use nocommawhen the parallel segments are in the sameclausefor example It was either in reality stupid or really brave. Our diversity is not only a challenge but also a gift. b. Use a comma when the two parallel phrases are in separate clausesfor example If theres a truly monumental disaster, then appoint the two last presidents to sum a hand. WSJ c. But even when two correlative conjunctions are in the same claus e, its often acceptable to insert a comma before the second conjunction either to create a natural-sounding pause, or to prevent confusion.Copulative conjunctions Copulative conjunctions(also known as additive conjunctions) arecoordinating conjunctionsused to touch addition. Theconjunctionindicates that the second word,phrase,clause, orsentencecontains an additional fact that is related to the earlier word, phrase, clause, or sentence. Some of the most common copulative conjunctions areand,also,as well as,moreover,no less,and positivistic. Some copulative conjunctions may be used to start sentencesfor example My kangaroo can sing. Andshes not too bad. Moreover, she won a Grammy last year.Plus, shes a pretty good dancer. In the last two sentences,moreoverandpluscome close to becomingadverbsmodifying the mainverbsof their sentences (wonand the contractedis). Such adverbial copulative conjunctions should be set off bycommas. Anddoes not need to be set apart. Andis the only copulative conjunction that can be used to introduce a secondindependent clausewithin a sentencefor example We ate lunch, and we took a nap. Using any other copulative conjunction in place ofandwould turn this into arun-on sentence. Disjunctive conjunctionsDisjunctive conjunctionsareconjunctionsused to separate two or more mutually exclusive options presented in asentence. When a disjunctive conjunction is used, it usually indicates either that only one of the elements joined by the conjunctions is true, or that none of the elements are true. The conjunctions most commonly used disjunctively arebut,either,else,neither, nor,or, other, andotherwise. Some disjunctive conjunctions arecoordinating conjunctionsfor example, theeitherand theorin thissentence Poetry is usually either cheap or free.Here,eitherandorindicate that poetry is usually one or the other (cheap or free) but not both. Disjunctive pronouns separate these options. Other disjunctive conjunctions dont need to be coordinated. For exam ple, theorin this sentence functions on its own I might use papier-ma? che, or I might use some kind of wood. Theorseparates two options, only one of which can be true. And in this sentence, theneitherand thenorare used to indicate that neither option is true Neither he nor his lawyer could be reached for comment. Final conjunctionsFinal conjunctions(also known as illative conjunctions) arecoordinating conjunctionsused to introduceclausesorphrasesthat draw inferences or conclusions from earlier ones. Some of the most common final conjunctions (some of which are phrases) areas a consequence,consequently,for, whence,so,so that,so then,thus, andtherefore. Some final conjunctions introduce phrases withinsentences. For example, this sentence has two In turn, this causes other asset prices to fall in those nations,thusworsening their banking systems, andhence adepting to credit contraction and capital flight. NY Times The phrase introduced byhencedraws an inference from the phrase introdu ced bythus, which in turn draws an inference from the main clause. Some final conjunctions introduce clauses within sentencesfor example rival the tax lawsso thatemployer-provided health insurance and individually owned health insurance have the same tax benefits. Wall Street Journal Here, the clause introduced byso thatinfers what provide occur should the action proposed in theimperative-moodmain clause come to pass.A final conjunction may also be used to start a sentence that draws a conclusion from the preceding sentencefor example Good writing is always about clarity and insight, precision and accuracy. Therefore, this confusing name calls into question the very quality of the writing instruction that will be given in the new department. Inside Higher Ed The second sentence, introduced by the final conjunctiontherefore, draws a conclusion from the first sentence. And heres one more example Our current system provides individuals with little market power in the urchase of healt h insurance. As a result,they typically pay exorbitant premiums. The New Republic Here, the sentence beginning withas a resultshows what the conditions described in the first sentence lead to. OUTLINE 1. Introduction (neu d? nh nghia, vai tro c? a conjunction trong cau, trong l? i noi hang ngay. Cho vi d? ) 2. Types of conjunction 3. 1. Coordinating conjunction a. Definition b. come of coordinating conjunction c. Exercise 3. 2. Subordinating conjunction a. Definition b. List of subordinating conjunction . Exercise 3. 3. Correlative conjunction a. Definition b. List of correlative conjunction c. Exercise Note * ph? n Definiton neu d? nh nghia, function c? a cac lo? i conjunction nay trong cau * Ph? n List of neu cac lo? i conjunction, cho vi d? , phan tich vi d? , trinh bay v? luu y khi s? d? ng d? u ph? y trong cau khi dung lo? i conjunction nay) * Ph? n exercise neu it nh? t la 10 cau, phan tich vi sao lai dung conjunction do, phan tich function c? a conjunction trong cau) 3. rem ainder (